The article theorizes border-making in the context of urban development in Berlin (Germany) and Budapest (Hungary). It interprets urban borders as social institutions that emerge locally out of social relations and transform urban spaces. These bordered urban spaces serve as markers of socio-spatial distinction and are constantly (re)created and negotiated over time. Urban borders contribute to the construction of a sense of place and are created in the processes of place-making that relate to the bordering mechanism of attribution, appropriation and representation of places.
At the regional and urban levels, the expert commission has dealt with the question of which strategies can prevent spatial inequality and the resulting feeling of dependence among parts of the population and has formulated nine strategic approaches that deal with the model of equivalent living conditions and support for the implementation of this new promotional, state- and federally-financed funding, the stabilization of municipal finances, the increased participation of citizens, the stabilization of rural migration regions and greater social mixing in cities.
